In ArcGIS Pro, which environment setting allows you to specify how missing data is handled?

The NoData environment setting is the correct choice for specifying how missing data is handled in ArcGIS Pro. This setting defines specific values that represent areas where there is no data available in the dataset, such as in raster analysis or when working with geospatial datasets that may have incomplete information. By establishing a NoData value, users can effectively manage how computations, analyses, or visualizations will treat these gaps when processing the data.

For example, if a raster dataset has certain cells without valid data, setting a NoData value allows the software to ignore those cells during raster calculations, ensuring that the resulting analyses do not incorporate misleading or irrelevant values. This is critical for producing accurate results and maintaining the integrity of spatial analysis.

In contrast, the other options provided do not pertain specifically to how missing data is managed. XY Resolution pertains to the level of detail of the data, Output Coordinate System determines the spatial reference of the output dataset, and Reference Scale relates to the scale at which features are displayed in the layout view. These settings serve different functions within ArcGIS Pro and do not address the handling of missing data directly.